What causes MS?

 

No one knows the exact cause of MS, but a mixture of genetic and environmental factors are likely to play a role in the development of the disease.

 

MS is a result of the body's immune system attacking it's own myelin - the protective sheath surrounding the central nervous system. White blood cells (part of our immune system response) move from the bloodstream into the fluid that circulates and nourishes the brain and spinal cord. These cells, actively attack and damage the protective covering over the nerves (myelin), resulting in the development of scar tissue/sclerotic patches (or plaques).

A healthy body's immune system normally defends the body from attack by viruses or bacteria but that is not the case with MS. The breakdown of myelin impairs nerve transmission throughout the body which can manifest in a variety of symptoms..MS is progressive, unpredictable and often varies in its severity from one person to another.

 

There is no cure for MS, but current treatments are able to alter the course of the disease by reducing the frequency and severity of relapses. Each person’s journey with MS is different, so it is difficult to compare your journey with others.

 

- See more at: http://www.msaustralia.org.au/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/causes#sthash.svWwk8sK.dpuf

 

 

What types of MS are there?

Some people are minimally affected by the disease while in others the impact of the disease is more severe, resulting in swift progress towards disability.

 

Although every individual will experience a different combination of MS symptoms, there are a number of distinct patterns relating to the course of the disease.

 

Relapsing-Remitting MS

 

Relapsing-Remitting MS is the most common form of MS. Approximately 80% of people diagnosed with MS in Australia will be diagnosed with Relapsing-Remitting MS. This form of MS is characterised by unpredictable relapses (exacerbations, attacks) during which new symptoms appear or existing symptoms become more severe. This can last for varying periods (days, weeks or in some cases months) which is followed by partial or total remission (recovery). The time between relapses varies. For some their MS may be inactive for months, for others even years at a time.

 

Secondary Progressive MS

 

In certain cases, over time, MS people with Relapsing Remitting MS can progress to Secondary Progressive MS. In this case there is progressive development of disability often with superimposed relapses.  

 

Primary Progressive MS

 

This form of MS is characterised by a lack of distinct attacks, but with slow onset and steadily worsening symptoms. There is an accumulation of deficits and disability which may level off at some point or continue over months and years.

 

Relapsing Progressive MS

 

This form of MS is characterised by a gradual progression of disability from the onset of the disease and is accompanied by one of more relapses.

 

- See more at: http://www.msaustralia.org.au/understanding-ms/what-is-ms/types#sthash.1WsOYuPZ.dpuf

 

 

 

What are the symptoms of MS?

 

The symptoms can be any combination of the five major health problems, including:

 

Motor control - muscular spasms and problems with weakness, coordination, balance and functioning of the arms and legs.

 

Fatigue - including heat sensitivity.

 

Other neurological symptoms - including vertigo, pins and needles, neuralgia and visual disturbances.

 

Continence problems - including bladder incontinence and constipation.

 

Neuropsychological symptoms - including memory loss, depression and cognitive difficulties.

 

Of course there are many more symptoms that arise!